Family business background and entrepreneurial intention: A cross-country and cultural factors-based moderated mediation model
研究家族企业背景如何通过制度力量影响创业意向，并发现文化维度（集体主义、权力距离）的调节作用，基于法国和巴基斯坦学生数据。
This study investigates how a family business (FB) background influences entrepreneurial intentions (EI), focusing on the mediating role of institutional forces and the moderating effects of cultural dimensions—collectivism and power distance (PD). Data were collected through surveys from a total sample of 702 university students—243 from France and 459 from Pakistan—and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus. The findings confirm a positive relationship between FB and EI, mediated by institutional forces. Among these, the coercive force played a more prominent mediating role in Pakistan, while the normative force had a stronger influence in the French context. PD amplified FB’s indirect effect on EI through coercive force, while collectivism moderated these effects via normative and mimetic forces—normative force dominating under high collectivism and mimetic force being more influential under low collectivism. This study offers cross-cultural insights into how family and institutional contexts shape EI.