The difficult practice of just transition: Trade unions’ strategy and on-the-ground action in the Italian food industry
研究了意大利食品行业工会如何实施公正转型政策，发现价格竞争和雇主利用监管漏洞阻碍了工会有效推动绿色创新与工作质量改善。
This article takes a multi-level approach to exploring union just transition policies and their on-the-ground implementation, specifically at company level, within Italy’s food industry, which faces significant green innovations and critical job-quality challenges. The research draws on document analysis and interviews with union officials at national, sectoral and local levels. The findings reveal that, despite favourable sectoral industrial relations institutions, intense price-based competition and the fact that employers exploit gaps in existing labour regulations hinder the ability of unions to effectively implement the desired just transition. As a result, unions continue to confront or experience worsening situations where green innovations are associated with poor job quality.