Achieving Holism: Narrating Multiple Identities in the Moment and over Time
从叙事视角提出身份整体性理论，通过4C（可信性、连贯性、连续性、因果性）和身份聚合与共演主题，解释人们如何整合多重身份，并探讨其对真实性、智慧、适应力和韧性的促进作用。
People’s multiple identities often wax, wane, and are transformed over their lifetimes, both as sources of personal meaning and as realities communicated to others. Yet, despite a research turn toward studying identities as multiple and dynamic, largely still missing is a cohesive view of people’s efforts to narratively integrate the sum of their many evolving parts. In this paper, we take a narrative perspective on the notion of identity holism to theorize how people build a meaningful whole by making narrative claims involving “4Cs”—credibility, coherence, continuity, and causality. Cutting across these claims are more abstract themes, or leitmotifs, of identity coalescence and coevolution, which are internally experienced as static and dynamic holism, respectively. We discuss how holism, and particularly dynamic holism, fosters personal authenticity, wisdom, adaptiveness, and resilience; the broader contributions of our theorizing to the literatures on identity and narrative; and implications for management and future research.