Mining elites in developing economies: Big Bad Wolf or Ugly Duckling? The Bolivian case, c. 1850–1950
研究了玻利维亚矿业精英在1850-1952年间经济与政治权力的演变，发现其市场权力扩张但政治影响力受资源民族主义和工人组织制约，最终导致1952年矿业国有化。
This paper evaluates the relationship between the economic and political power of mining elites in developing countries, with a specific focus on the Bolivian case. It demonstrates that the Bolivian mining elite expanded its market power during both the silver (1850–1890) and tin eras (1900–1952). However, the elite’s ability to achieve its political objectives did not exhibit a similar trajectory. At the national level, the rise of resource nationalism as a dominant ideology in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in increased tax pressure on mining activities. At the same time, the growing political organisation of mining workers called into question the power of the mining elite at the local level. Both processes were to culminate in the nationalisation in October 1952 of all the assets of the three main mining producers.