Does black and blue matter? An experimental investigation of race, perceptions of police, and legal compliance
通过在线实验，研究种族如何影响人们对警察执法的认知和违法意愿，发现黑人受试者预期被开罚单的概率更高，且更愿为获取警察种族构成信息付费，但驾驶速度不受警察代表性影响；白人受试者在警察不具代表性时驾驶更快。
Using an online experiment, we examine the role of race in perceptions of policing and willingness to violate the law. Black and White subjects were asked to imagine themselves driving in a real (but unnamed) majority White or majority non-White US city in which the police department was either majority White or majority non-White. Subjects were incentivized to drive quickly but also warned that they might receive a ticket based on their speed, their personal characteristics, and the real-life ticketing practices in that city. Expectations about the likelihood of being ticketed for speeding were higher among Black subjects than among White subjects. Black subjects also showed a higher willingness to pay for information on the racial makeup of the police department. However, Black subjects drove at similar speeds under all conditions tested, regardless of the racial demographics of the city, the racial composition of the police department, or the disparity or congruence of the two. By contrast, White subjects drove faster when police departments were not racially representative. • Black drivers predicted a higher chance of receiving a speeding ticket. • Black drivers drover slower than White drivers in all contexts. • White drivers drove slower when in a city with a representative police force. • Black drivers’ speed did not depend on representativeness.