The KSTE + I approach and the advent of AI technologies: evidence from the European regions
研究了欧洲287个地区中，本地人工智能知识存量是否促进新创创新企业（成立当年申请专利的初创公司）的涌现，发现对AI相关行业有促进作用，但对非AI行业效果不显著。
Abstract In this paper, we integrate insights from the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and Innovation (KSTE + I) with Schumpeter’s concept of the entrepreneur as a “factor of disequilibrium”. Specifically, we examine whether there is a correlation between the level of Artificial Intelligence (AI) knowledge available in a region and the number of newly established innovative ventures, defined as startups that file patents in any technological field within the same year of their foundation. Empirically, we test for 287 Nuts-2 European regions whether the local AI stock of knowledge exerts an enabling role in fostering innovative entry within AI-related local industries (AI technologies as focused enablers) and within non-AI-related local industries (AI technologies as generalised enablers). Results from fixed-effect regressions using Poisson and Negative Binomial models - while controlling for a range of concurrent drivers of entrepreneurship - indicate that the local stock of AI knowledge fosters the proliferation of innovative startups within AI-related local industries. This finding supports both the KSTE + I framework and the enabling role of AI technologies; however, it does not support the notion of AI technologies as generalised enablers.