Internal finance, financial constraint, and pollution emissions: Evidence from China
研究了中国工业企业内部融资状况对二氧化硫排放的影响，发现内部财务健康的企业显著减少排放，主要通过增加研发投入和采用减排技术实现，尤其在融资约束较强的行业效果更明显。
This study explores the role of internal finance on firms' environmental behavior, focusing specifically on sulfur dioxide ( SO 2) emissions in China's rapidly growing industrial sector. Using a rich and unique dataset provided by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), our baseline results find that firms with stronger internal finances experience a significant reduction in SO 2 emissions. Our empirical analysis uncovers two key mechanisms through which internal finance influences firm behavior. First, firms with stronger internal financial health, as measured by metrics like cash flow, current ratio, and coverage ratio, are more inclined to invest in Research & Development and Total Factor Productivity, especially in credit-constrained sectors. Second, these financially robust firms are more proactive in adopting SO 2 abatement technologies, an effect that becomes more pronounced in the context of credit-constrained firms. Our findings offer a nuanced understanding of how internal financial resources can serve as a dual lever for both innovation and sustainability, particularly in settings where external financing is limited. They also suggest that the shortcomings of the financial systems necessitate regulation to support and accelerate the environmental transition. • Study examines how internal finance affects firms’ environmental practices. • In credit-constrained sectors, firms with more assets tend to create higher pollution. • Stronger internal finance leads to notable cuts in SO₂ emissions. • Firms invest more in R&D and SO₂ abatement tech, mainly in credit-constrained sectors.