Synchronized elections strengthen party salience: Evidence from a decentralized democracy
利用印度国家和州选举时间差异，发现同步选举相比异步选举提高了政党在选民中的显著性，增加了直票投票和同一政党跨层级获胜的概率，但未改善发展成果。
Voters participate in multiple elections across governance tiers, often on the same day. We investigate how synchronizing two salient elections influences voter behavior and electoral outcomes, leveraging variation in the timing of national and state elections in India. We find that synchronized elections, compared to closely timed but asynchronous elections, increase political parties’ salience among voters, boosting straight-ticket voting with a small increase in turnout. These effects result in a 21% higher probability of the same political party winning across tiers, without altering candidate composition. While synchronization significantly influences state government formation, it does not affect development outcomes. We provide suggestive evidence that voters’ cognitive constraints and increased party campaigning are likely mechanisms. A synchronized election design in decentralized democracies like India can therefore affect the relative importance of parties vis-a-vis candidates during elections and potentially shape the nature of political decentralization. • Synchronized elections raise party salience and boost straight-ticket voting. • Synchronized elections boost odds of same party winning both national & state seats. • Cognitive constraints and increased party campaigning drive the observed effects. • Synchronized elections reduce anti-incumbency but do not raise development outcomes.