Racial Earnings Gaps: The Role of Private Schooling, Technical Education and Graduate Degrees
利用2018-2019年巴西数据，分析私立学校、职业教育和研究生学位如何影响不同收入水平上的种族收入差距，发现这些因素仅在收入顶端起作用，而底层差距主要由地理位置和合同类型解释。
Using Brazilian data from 2018 and 2019, we evaluate how having attended a private school, vocational education, and graduate degrees affect racial earnings gaps at the mean and throughout the distribution. The results show that racial inequalities are larger at the bottom and top of the distribution but smaller in the middle, especially in the region where the minimum wage binds. The factors that explain the racial gaps vary across the earnings distribution. The additional education variables are relevant only at the top of the distribution, while years of schooling, occupation, and unexplained factors also play a role. At the bottom, location and type of job contract are the most important factors. Racial gaps for men and women are similar on average, but differ at the top and in terms of contributing factors. Differences between Black and mixed-race workers are minimal and restricted to the bottom of the earnings distribution.