The Economics of Inequality and the Environment
梳理了不平等与环境之间相互影响的三种机制：环境收益随收入变化、环境政策成本在不同家庭间的分布、以及收入不平等与再分配如何影响环境结果，并总结了相关实证证据。
Environmental degradation and economic inequality are two of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century. We synthesize conceptual mechanisms that underpin inequality–environment linkages and take stock of the relevant empirical evidence. We propose three channels of interaction. We first describe how environmental benefits vary with household income. Second, we discuss how the cost of environmental policy is distributed across households. Third, we consider how income inequality and redistribution shape environmental outcomes. The three channels determine how both environmental quality and economic inequality matter for policy appraisal. We argue that it is crucial to consider inequality–environment linkages in economic research and policy design, as neither issue can be fully understood in isolation. We close by highlighting future research needs.