Cost-competitiveness of battery electric vehicles and two-wheelers: Evidence from Indonesia
研究了印度尼西亚市场电池电动汽车和电动两轮车相对于传统燃油车的总拥有成本，发现2024年购买已具成本优势，但若无补贴则长续航电动两轮车要到2027年才具竞争力。
This study investigates the current and projected cost-competitiveness of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) against conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts in the Indonesian market by examining their total cost of ownership (TCO). We find that existing policies have made BEVs and E2Ws purchased in 2024 already more cost-competitive than ICE vehicles and two-wheelers across all categories. However, in the absence of current tax concessions and subsidies, long-range E2Ws would not achieve cost-competitiveness over their internal combustion counterparts until 2027. The TCO of electric vehicles is also sensitive to battery-pack cost and cost projections as well as to the annual distance travelled. Despite their cost-competitiveness, the uptake of BEVs and E2Ws is still limited in Indonesia. Policy action may be focused on establishing the necessary support infrastructure to enable uptake.