Unpacking the black box of knowledge externalities: intra-MNE networks vs. spatial spillovers
结合经济地理与国际商务文献，研究跨国公司如何通过内部网络和空间溢出传播知识，发现外部知识通过两种公司内部机制扩散，且强度取决于技术领域。
Combining economic geography and international business literature on Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), we explore knowledge dissemination patterns within and across NUTS-3 regions. Our results, based on Italy, indicate that external knowledge collected by MNEs through their network of subsidiaries abroad is positively associated with the innovative output of the regions of origin of MNEs. Moreover, its diffusion over space occurs through two intra-firm mechanisms: one involving MNEs and their domestic affiliates, and the other involving indigenous firms co-located with MNEs and owning other firms in different regions. The intensity of these mechanisms strongly depends on the technological space in which firms operate.