Does Third-Party Policing Increase Crime? Evidence from Nuisance Ordinances
利用俄亥俄州2000-2014年数据，研究发现惩罚房东的滋扰条例导致入室盗窃增加18%、车辆盗窃增加28%，可能因无家可归者增多所致，表明第三方警务可能适得其反。
Abstract Although the adoption of third-party policies (i.e., policies targeting non-offending parties to address misconduct by individuals within their control) is growing worldwide, its effect on crime remains unclear. Using Ohio data from 2000 to 2014, this study examines the impact of nuisance ordinances, a policy that penalises landlords for disturbances on their properties. The findings indicate an 18% increase in burglaries and a 28% rise in vehicle thefts. Indirect evidence suggests that these effects are driven by an increase in homelessness, prompting more individuals to seek shelter in buildings and vehicles. These findings highlight that third-party policing may backfire.