Opioid Use and Employment Outcomes: Evidence from the U.S. Military
利用美军医疗和人事数据，研究阿片类药物使用对军人工作表现的影响，发现高剂量处方导致长期用药、晋升减少、纪律处分和离职增加，揭示了药物滥用的生产力成本。
Abstract There is significant interest in understanding labor market consequences of the opioid epidemic, but little is known about how opioid use affects on-the-job performance. We analyze the impact of opioid initiation on job performance using linked medical and personnel data for active-duty military members. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of patients to physicians in the emergency department, we find that military members assigned to high-intensity opioid prescribing physicians have a higher likelihood of long-term opioid use, are less likely to receive promotions, and are more likely to receive disciplinary actions and leave their jobs. Our results demonstrate productivity costs of opioid use.