Academic Human Capital in European Countries and Regions, 1200-1793
基于个人层面数据构建了1200-1793年欧洲学术人力资本的年度时间序列，揭示了南北欧的“小分流”、黑死病和三十年战争的影响、大学与学院的贡献、神圣罗马帝国内天主教与新教地区的差异以及苏格兰启蒙运动的独特性。
We present new annual time-series data on academic human capital across Europe from 1200 to 1793, constructed by aggregating individual-level measures at three geographic scales: cities, present-day countries (as of 2025), and historically informed macro-regions. Individual human capital is derived from a composite index of publication outcomes, based on data from the Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae (RETE) database. The macro-regional classifications are designed to reflect historically coherent entities, offering a more relevant perspective than modern national boundaries. This framework allows us to document key patterns, including the Little Divergence in academic human capital between Northern and Southern Europe, the effect of the Black Death and the Thirty Years’ War on academic human capital, the respective contributions of academies and universities, regional inequality across Catholic and Protestant areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and the distinctiveness of the Scottish Enlightenment.