Cultivating intention to stay: A cross-cultural exploration of leadership and ethical climates in hotel industry
研究了英国和西班牙独立酒店中，变革型和交易型领导风格如何通过伦理氛围、平衡组织文化和组织承诺影响员工留任意愿，发现平衡组织文化是主要中介，且文化差异调节了领导风格的效果。
The independent hotel sector struggles with employee retention amid competition from larger chains. This study explores how leadership styles (Transformational/Transactional) influence retention intentions through Ethical Climate, Balanced Organizational Culture, and Organizational Commitment, comparing the UK and Spain. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory (SET), we analyze 962 employee responses using structural equation modelling. Results show Balanced Organizational Culture is the strongest mediator between leadership and retention. Cultural differences moderate these effects: Transformational Leadership suits the UK’s reciprocal loyalty norms, while Transactional Leadership aligns with Spain’s structured expectations. SET explains these dynamics, as UK employees reciprocate transformational behaviors with commitment, whereas Spanish employees respond to transactional exchanges. The findings help independent hotels tailor leadership strategies to reduce turnover.