Advancing Theoretical Integration of Distrust: A Multilevel Examination of Its Theoretical Foundations, Dynamics, and Mechanisms
系统回顾1998至2024年研究，将不信任界定为独立于信任、不信任和怀疑的构念，分析其产生、升级和溢出机制，提出多层次模型，为学者和管理者理解并缓解不信任提供框架。
ABSTRACT This paper addresses persistent gaps in distrust scholarship by systematically reviewing studies published from 1998 to 2024. We refine distrust as a construct distinct from trust, mistrust, and suspicion, shaped by unique cognitive, emotional, and behavioral mechanisms. Substantial evidence supports that distrust is not merely the absence of trust but an independent phenomenon. Our review synthesizes research on how distrust emerges, escalates, and spills over across market settings. We develop a comprehensive model illustrating key themes and propositions at individual, dyadic, organizational, and systemic levels. This analysis reveals the complex antecedents of distrust, its varied influences on decision‐making and market interactions, and the measurement challenges arising from conflating distrust with low trust. By offering a unified framework, this review promotes the theoretical integration of distrust and offers practical guidance for mitigating its impact.