Evaluating Allocations of Opportunities
提出一个稳健标准，通过比较不同社会群体面临的机会概率分布，并基于群体间统一的期望效用评估来判定分配优劣，该标准可实证应用，并用印度14个邦的种姓和性别教育机会分配加以说明。
ABSTRACT This paper provides a robust criterion for comparing lists of probability distributions—interpreted as allocations of opportunities—faced by different social groups. We axiomatically argue in favor of comparing those lists of probability distributions on the basis of a uniform—among groups—valuation of their expected utility. We identify an empirically implementable criterion for comparing allocations of opportunities that coincides with the unanimity of all such uniform valuations of expected utility that exhibit aversion to inequality of opportunity. We illustrate our criterion by evaluating allocations of educational opportunities among castes and genders in 14 Indian states.