Lowering costs of green transformation with best practices: focusing on the naturally monopolized segment of the power industry value chain
日本因自然条件不利，能源转型成本高。研究聚焦电力价值链中占终端用户账单30-40%的自然垄断环节，通过模拟不同监管制度，发现成本降低比率在9.871%到-0.992%之间，为政策制定和监管实践提供参考。
Abstract Japan is facing relatively high costs in its transformation from an energy structure dominated by fossil energy to one dominated by renewable energy, which is necessary to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7.2, due to its inferior natural circumstances. The present study attempts to approach this issue by shifting focus from the generation segment to the naturally monopolized segment of the power industry value chain, since the latter usually accounts for 30–40% of the whole bills paid by the end-user. Simulation results show that the cost-reduction ratios vary from 9.871 to −0.992% according to how the regulatory regime is designed. This study aims to add policy tools used to accelerate renewables development, and also to bridge academic research with regulatory practice by providing insights into the design and implementation of effective incentive regulation.