Designing Carbon Pricing Policies Across the Globe
基于对全球400多位学术专家的调查，研究了各国实施碳定价方案的关键设计选项，发现专家更倾向碳税而非总量交易，并强烈建议使用边境碳调整，但对收入使用的建议更为复杂。
Abstract This study presents a large-scale, multi-country assessment of expert recommendations on key policy design options for implementing carbon pricing schemes at a country level, for which there is no consensus in the literature. Based on a survey of more than 400 academic experts on carbon pricing across the globe, we find that almost twice as many favor a carbon tax over a cap-and-trade scheme for unilateral carbon pricing than vice versa, and three-quarters strongly recommend using border carbon adjustment to address competitiveness concerns. By contrast, guidance on the use of revenue from carbon pricing is much more nuanced, with considerably lower support for lump-sum transfers to households than reflected in academic and policy discussions. Furthermore, recommendations on instrument choice and revenue use vary considerably with country and expert characteristics, such as GDP per capita and academic discipline. Our findings can guide the search for suitable public policy approaches that combine environmental effectiveness with economic efficiency and fairness considerations.