Generative Artificial Intelligence in Qualitative Data Analysis: Analyzing—Or Just Chatting?
从技术角度分析生成式AI（特别是大语言模型）是否适合定性数据分析，指出其存在重大缺陷，若管理研究者不加批判地采用将带来不可接受的认知风险，强调意义解释是人的固有能力。
Researchers, engineers, and entrepreneurs are enthusiastically exploring and promoting ways to apply generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools to qualitative data analysis. From promises of automated coding and thematic analysis to functioning as a virtual research assistant that supports researchers in diverse interpretive and analytical tasks, the potential applications of GenAI in qualitative research appear vast. In this paper, we take a step back and ask what sort of technological artifact is GenAI and evaluate whether it is appropriate for qualitative data analysis. We provide an accessible, technologically informed analysis of GenAI, specifically large language models (LLMs), and put to the test the claimed transformative potential of using GenAI in qualitative data analysis. Our evaluation illustrates significant shortcomings that, if the technology is adopted uncritically by management researchers, will introduce unacceptable epistemic risks. We explore these epistemic risks and emphasize that the essence of qualitative data analysis lies in the interpretation of meaning, an inherently human capability.