Minimizing backcountry overnight visitation impacts: a comparison of per capita resource impacts from lodges, huts, and campsites in Banff National Park and Mount Assiniboine Park, Canada
研究了加拿大两个保护区内四种住宿类型（全服务旅馆、自助小屋、开发露营地、原始露营地）的单位面积和人均资源影响，发现小屋是最有效的低影响住宿方式。
A core sustainable tourism objective is to develop recreation infrastructures that accommodate visitation while minimizing the spatial “footprint” of resource impact. This recreation ecology study evaluated several measures of the areal extent of resource impact associated with overnight visitation in backcountry areas of two Canadian protected areas. Four types of accommodation were evaluated: a full-service lodge, self-service huts, developed campsites with formal tent pads, and primitive campsites. Innovative field-assessment protocols yielded measures of “facility footprint” and “visitor impact” to provide accurate assessments of per site and per person impact for each accommodation option and several specific facility types, including formal and informal trails. Huts provided the most effective option for accommodating overnight visitation with exceptionally little resource impact. For campsites, the spatial extent of impact is best minimized by including facilities that attract and spatially concentrate camping activities, and by using campsites in sloping, rocky, or uneven terrain and avoiding flat open terrain.