Heads up: Does air pollution cause workplace accidents?
利用以色列建筑工地和污染监测站数据，发现二氧化氮浓度每增加10 ppb，事故概率上升25%；中度污染下事故概率增加138%，重度污染下增加377%，且认知负荷高时影响更大。
Literature has shown that air pollution can have short- and long-term adverse effects on physiological and cognitive performance. In this study, we estimate the effect of increased pollution levels on the likelihood of accidents at construction sites, a significant factor related to productivity losses in the labor market. Using data from all construction sites and pollution monitoring stations in Israel, we find a strong and significant causal effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), one of the primary air pollutants, on construction site accidents. We find that a 10-ppb increase in NO 2 levels increases the likelihood of an accident by as much as 25 %. Importantly, our findings suggest that these effects are non-linear. While moderate pollution levels, according to EPA standards, compared to clean air levels, increase the likelihood of accidents by 138 %, unhealthy levels increase it by 377 %. We present a mechanism where the effect of pollution is exacerbated under conditions of high cognitive strain or reduced awareness. Finally, we perform a cost-benefit analysis, supported by a nonparametric estimation calculating the implied number of accidents due to NO 2 exposure, and examine a potential welfare-improving policy to subsidize the closure of construction sites on highly polluted days.