Do No Harm: A Foundational Moral Framework for Public Administration
本文提出“不伤害”作为公共行政伦理的基础道德框架，认为禁止性道德原则比理想化价值观更能为公共服务提供一致且可操作的基础，并探讨其在言论自由等争议政策中的应用。
ABSTRACT Do no harm (DNH) represents a foundational moral framework for public administration ethics. Prohibitive moral principles, rather than aspirational values, provide a more coherent and operational basis for ethical public service—even when confronting demands for proactive intervention. Bernard Gert's theory of common morality reveals how rationality and impartiality underpin moral rules designed to prevent fundamental harms, while acknowledging challenges of defining and ranking competing harms. This approach mirrors the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which constrain governmental action to protect individual rights. We further develop the DNH framework by examining free speech issues in higher education and extend its relevance to other controversial policy settings through a comparative ethical analysis that illustrates how institutions can navigate between harmful action and harmful inaction. DNH offers morally grounded guidance for ethical decision‐making amid democratic tensions and political pressures.