Full transparency or restricted visibility? Mechanisms of blockchain enabled data sharing in supply chain
研究了区块链技术在零售商间水平需求预测共享中的价值与采用条件，发现受限透明度结合选择性访问能协调个体与集体激励，而过度透明反而损害零售商利润。
This study examines values and adoption conditions of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in horizontal demand forecast sharing among retailer, focusing on the influence mechanism of transparency-restriction approaches and BCT's endogenous effects on firms' sharing incentives. We model a supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple retailers, comparing four BCT-enabled data-sharing regimes: open access (permissionless) versus no-open access (permissioned), with or without encryption. Results show that restricted transparency, combined with selective accessibility, aligns individual and collective incentives by curbing wholesale price inflation and improving forecast accuracy. Contrary to intuition, higher transparency does not universally benefit retailers; supplementary encryption can balance data utility and privacy, enabling Pareto-superior outcomes. We further demonstrate BCT can reduces moral hazards in horizontal sharing (e.g. sharing biased forecast), allowing retailers to leverage aggregated demand signals without inefficiently verification. However, excessive transparency in BCT can accelerates retailers' profit erosion, akin to perfect competition. These findings offer micro-foundations for adopting visibility-restriction technologies (e.g. Zero-Knowledge Proofs) and guide the design of context-specific BCT systems. By reconciling transparency-privacy tensions and demonstrating BCT's endogenous role in forecasting, this study advances strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience through BCT innovation.