Residential Battery Storage—Reshaping the Way We Do Electricity
研究了德国住宅太阳能和电池存储用户，发现家庭使用自发电而非电网电力可获得非市场价值（中位数0.29欧元/千瓦时），但存储会导致用电量增加4%和碳排放上升，同时电网需求下降38%。
Household investments in renewable energy technologies like rooftop solar and battery storage can be driven by motivations beyond mere financial returns. In “Residential Battery Storage— Reshaping the Way We Do Electricity,” Christian Kaps and Serguei Netessine develop a structural estimation model that separates observed electricity demand from underlying consumption preferences, enabling the estimation of a nonfinancial utility that households derive from using more self-generated solar power rather than grid-procured electricity. The authors call this utility nonmarket valuation; provide evidence that it is driven by sustainability and autarky desires; and link it to the early adoption of residential storage. Applying their model to a novel data set of German households with solar and storage installations, they find that the median household has a nonmarket valuation of 0.29 euros per kilowatt-hour. Additionally, the authors demonstrate that residential storage can have unexpected effects. They show a “rebound effect,” whereby households with storage increase their overall electricity consumption by 4%. Counterintuitively, under Germany’s observed grid mix, residential storage on average increases carbon emissions. However, they also find that demand from the grid decreases by 38% for the average household equipped with solar and storage.