War as external cause: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the theorising of European integration and EU politics, and the EU’s arduous formation in foreign and security policy
本文分析了2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰对欧盟及其成员国的巨大影响，区分了四个主要领域（支持乌克兰、经济制裁、共同安全与防务政策、核讨论），发现尽管外交与安全政策有显著变化，但并未形成统一的欧洲行为体或超级国家特征。
Russia’s war in Ukraine from February 2022 has had massive effects on Europe’s Union and its member states, prompting changes in policy, new policies, discussions of options and potential future trajectories, and (limited) formal-institutional integration. However, given different domestic conditions and contexts, Russia’s war’s impact varies considerably across member states and Union policy stances. We distinguish and examine four main areas: supporting Ukraine through the war; policies confronting Russia via economic means; the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and related matters; and novel nuclear discussions. While documenting significant effects on European foreign policy, security, and defence, we do not witness an instant creation of a unitary European actor or Europe take on (super)state-like features in these realms.