Technology–user–environment framework for assessing smart city technology adoption: Insights from Sejong National Pilot Smart City
研究开发了一个包含技术、用户和环境因素的综合模型，基于192位市民数据，发现用户因素（如自我效能、相对优势、政府信任）比技术和环境因素更能影响智慧城市技术采纳，且影响因年龄、性别和收入而异。
This study aims to develop a comprehensive research model that examines citizens' intentions to adopt smart city technologies in the Sejong National Pilot Smart City (Sejong). A new theoretical framework that incorporates technology, user, and environment (TUE) factors is proposed and validated through a structural equation model using data collected from 192 citizens. Additionally, multi-group analysis (MGA) is conducted, considering citizens' age, gender, and income. The results reveal that user-related factors exert more influence on technology acceptance than technological and environmental factors. Specifically, self-efficacy, relative advantages, trust in the government, perceived usefulness, and customer innovativeness emerge as essential factors affecting the adoption of smart city services. Furthermore, the factors vary by age, gender, and income. This paper is among the first empirical studies to assess citizens' acceptance of smart city technology and their demographic characteristics using the TUE framework. Government managers and service providers can reference these findings when making decisions about offering smart city services to the citizens of Sejong from a comprehensive TUE perspective. Additionally, this study provides insights for tailoring smart city services based on age and gender characteristics, and the results can serve as a reference for planning pilot smart cities with similar characteristics to Sejong.