An entrepreneurial turf war: Travel agencies, ICEM, and the migration industry since the 1950s
研究了1950年代以来旅行社与ICEM在管理欧洲向西移民中的竞争与合作关系，揭示了移民治理与资本主义力量、商业利益和权力动态的关联，基于大量档案和访谈资料。
This article examines the role of travel and migration agencies since the 1950s, focusing on managing migration from Europe to overseas countries of the West. It explores the business practices of travel agents, emphasising their relationship with the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM), an international organisation managing subsidised overseas migration of Europe’s so-called ‘surplus of population’ since 1952. Travel agencies viewed ICEM as both a competitor and an opportunity to diversify their business profits. The evolution of this relationship is researched within the context of the migration industry, highlighting the connection between migration governance and capitalist forces, business interests and power dynamics. The article draws on extensive archival material about business–government relations, corruption, and human mobility, sourced from states, international organisations, the press, and personal oral interviews.