Kazakh Sharing Practices: A Critical Inquiry Into Sharing Economy Models From the Vantage of Ownership in Collective Societies
通过哈萨克斯坦农村案例，研究集体社会中所有权概念如何影响共享实践，挑战主流共享经济模型的普适性，为底层市场设计更符合当地文化的共享策略提供参考。
The sharing economy (SE) is often promoted as a sustainable and inclusive model for resource provision, increasingly so for base-of-pyramid (BoP) contexts. However, dominant SE frameworks ground in individualistic and commodified understandings of ownership may misalign with values in collectivist societies. This article presents a case study from rural Kazakhstan to examine how ownership is conceptualized and enacted through Kazakh linguistic and cultural traditions that draw from the physical steppe ecology. Our findings reveal a relational understanding of ownership that privileges shared access and social obligation over individual control or exclusion. These principles generate forms of social value that extend beyond efficiency and economic utility. By highlighting how sharing practices are shaped by embedded ownership norms, this study challenges the universal applicability of mainstream SE models. It calls for greater attention to culturally situated ownership understanding in order to develop SE strategies that are ethically grounded and contextually responsive to BoP settings.