Hydrogen cargo bikes as a data-driven solution for last-mile decarbonization
利用罗马实际物流数据，通过蒙特卡洛成本分析、AI路径规划等方法，评估氢动力货运自行车相比电动自行车和燃油车在最后一公里配送中的性能，发现其每日多送15%包裹、减少31.4%加油绕行，每年每百辆车可减碳120吨。
The growing demand for low-emission urban freight has intensified efficiency challenges in last-mile delivery, especially in dense city centres. This study assesses hydrogen-powered cargo bikes as a scalable, zero-emission alternative to fossil fuel vans and battery-electric cargo bikes. Using real-world logistics data from Rome, we apply simulation models including Monte Carlo cost analysis, Artificial Intelligence driven routing, K-means station placement, and fleet scaling. Results show hydrogen bikes deliver 15% more parcels daily than electric counterparts, reduce refuelling detours by 31.4%, and lower per-trip fuel use by 32%. They can cut up to 120 metric tons of CO 2 annually per 100-bike fleet. While battery-electric cargo bikes remain optimal for short trips, hydrogen bikes offer superior uptime, range, and rapid refuelling—ideal for high-frequency, mid-distance logistics. Under supportive pricing and infrastructure, hydrogen cargo bikes represent a resilient and sustainable solution for decarbonizing last-mile delivery in city areas.