To be(tween) or not to be(tween)? Mixed-subject designs in preference elicitation
研究在二价拍卖中结合被试间和被试内设计，发现混合设计能降低支付意愿估计的噪声并揭示被单一设计掩盖的异质性，对实验设计者有用。
Abstract This study examines consumer preferences for organic and local apples by combining between- and within-subject design characteristics in a second-price auction. Our empirical application combines provision of information regarding local and organic attributes of apples with a tasting stage. We find that a design that combines between- and within-subject elements—a mixed-subject design—results in less noisy willingness-to-pay estimates as well as allows us to uncover significant heterogeneity in elicited premiums that would have been masked if we had drawn inferences from the between-subject or the within-subject treatments in isolation. Results highlight the gains that can be achieved by using a mixed-subject design in experimental auctions.