Awards: tangibility, self-signaling and signaling to others
将奖项置于更广泛的激励框架中，从有形价值、社会信号和自我信号三个维度分析其激励作用，并整合多学科文献为未来实验研究提供路线图。
Abstract Awards are widely used as incentives. This paper situates awards in the broader incentives landscape and shows how the motivational value of awards can be understood through a framework that considers three sources of value: the tangible component of an award, the social signals it emits, and its self-signaling function. We identify and discuss several major characteristics of awards through the lenses of these three dimensions: the audience, scarcity, the giver’s status, and the selection process. Based on our framework, we integrate the awards literature published across economics, psychology, management, and sociology journals to elucidate what has been learned and offer a roadmap for future experimental research on awards and incentives.