Time Is Not Enough: Exploring the Processes That Shape Team Psychological Safety
通过两个多案例研究，探索短期和长期项目团队中团队心理安全随时间变化的动态过程，发现它受成员互动中的连接、澄清、支持和执行四个关键过程影响，而非单纯随时间积累。
Abstract Team psychological safety is widely recognized as a critical ingredient in high-performing teams. However, little is known about how team psychological safety emerges and develops over time. Drawing on the input-process-state-output (IPSO) team dynamics framework, we conducted two multiple case studies across different contexts to explore the temporal dynamics of team psychological safety in short- and long-term project teams. Our findings suggest that team psychological safety is a perishable resource that can diminish as well as grow over time. In our studies, these dynamics were shaped by team member interactions, which manifested in four key team processes: connecting, clarifying, supporting, and performing . Importantly, team psychological safety did not arise as a passive consequence of time spent together. Instead, it resulted from how teams actively spent their time and which processes they sustained. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research.