The Importance of Student-Teacher Matching: A Multidimensional Value-Added Approach
研究提出一种灵活刻画教师异质性生产力的增值模型，发现教师效能高度依赖于学生特征，平均而言，匹配良好与匹配不佳的学生成绩差异约0.1个标准差，且对低成就学生影响更大。
Abstract We propose a framework for value-added models that flexibly characterizes heterogeneous teacher productivity based on multidimensional student characteristics. We show that teacher effectiveness heavily depends on the specific attributes of their students. For example, the difference in value-added between well-matched and poorlymatched students for the average teacher is approximately 0.1 standard deviations in test scores. Notably, these matching effects are particularly pronounced among lowachieving students. In language arts, the standard deviation in teacher value-added is one-third larger for low-achieving students compared to high-achieving students.