Holding Platforms Liable
研究了平台是否应为用户受害负责，发现当企业有限责任时，平台责任能激励其提高价格和审计以阻止有害企业，但社会最优水平取决于用户同意、用户对伤害的认知和平台努力的可观察性。
Should platforms be liable for harms suffered by users? A platform enables interactions between firms and users. Harmful firms impose larger costs on users than safe firms. If firms have deep pockets and are fully liable for harms, platform liability is unnecessary. If firms have limited liability, holding platforms liable for residual harm increases platforms' incentives to raise interaction prices and invest in auditing to deter, detect, and block harmful firms. The social desirability and optimal level of platform liability depend on whether interactions require user consent, the degree to which users internalize harms, and the observability of platform effort.