Place Effects and Geographic Inequality in Health at Birth
利用出生记录和母亲迁移数据，量化出生地对婴儿早期健康的影响，发现迁移到高出生体重地区能显著改善婴儿出生体重，效果与针对孕产妇健康的政策相当，且污染是预测地方效应的最强因素。
This paper uses birth records and mothers who move to quantify the absolute and relative importance of birth location for early-life health. Using a model that includes mother and location fixed effects, we find that moving from a below- to an above-median-birth-weight location leads to important improvements in child birth weight, with comparable magnitudes to policies targeting maternal health. Place effects are larger for longer-distance moves and more influential for children of non-college-educated mothers. We find that pollution is the strongest predictor of place effects on infant health.