Local Labor Market Effects of the 2002 Bush Steel Tariffs
研究2002年布什钢铁关税对美国当地劳动力市场的影响，发现关税并未增加钢铁业就业，反而长期抑制了钢铁消费行业的就业，并导致钢铁密集型制造业企业持续退出。
President George W. Bush imposed safeguard tariffs on steel in early 2002. Using US input-output tables and a generalized difference-in-difference methodology, we analyze the local labor market employment effects of these tariffs depending on the local labor market’s reliance on steel as an input and as part of local production. The tariffs did not boost local steel employment but substantially depressed local employment in steel-consuming industries for many years after Bush removed them. The tariffs also led to a persistent exit of steel-intensive manufacturing establishments, suggesting a role for plant-level fixed entry costs in translating the temporary shock into persistent outcomes.