Rules of Origins Relaxation and Regional Supply Chains: Evidence from Europe
研究了自由贸易协定中的原产地规则和累积条款如何影响进口和供应链，发现放宽规则会增加来自累积限制取消国家的中间品进口。
Abstract We examine how Rules of Origin (RoO) and cumulation provisions in Free Trade Agreements shape imports and supply chains. Using a new RoO database and two policy changes, the Pan-European Cumulation System and the 2004 EU enlargement, we show that relaxing RoO increases intermediate imports from countries where cumulation restrictions were lifted. A 1% higher value requirement before liberalization raised such imports by 0.4–0.7%. Effects are stronger when preferential margins are higher, underscoring the joint role of RoO, cumulation provisions, and tariffs in shaping sourcing decisions.