Beyond the Rainbow: Brazilian income Discrimination Related to Sexual Orientation
利用巴西2013-2019年家庭调查数据，研究性取向对工资歧视的影响，发现男女同性恋与异性恋的收入差距在不同收入分布和性别间存在差异，且歧视效应在女性中更显著。
This article aims to measure wage discrimination against Brazilian workers according to their sexual orientation. The study estimates regressions of the recentered influence function and observed quantile decomposition using microdata from the National Continuous Household Sample Survey for 2013 to 2015 and 2016 to 2019. Results find differences across the income distribution, by gender, and between the periods. The disparity between lesbian and heterosexual women was greater than the disparity seen between gay and heterosexual men. The explained effect was largely responsible for the difference in earnings between gay and heterosexual men, with its greater impact toward the top of the income distribution. The explained effect for lesbians and heterosexual women predominated between the 5th and 25th quantiles, but from the 30th quantile upward the effect of “positive” discrimination is observed. This occurs because a large proportion of lesbians are working in formal jobs and sectors that pay better.HIGHLIGHTSIn Brazil, homosexual workers may earn more or less than heterosexual workers.Men are prevalent in the production and service occupations, often with lower complexity.Women, lesbians, and gays are concentrated in low-schooling service jobs and high-skill PSAs.For men, personal and productive factors drive the earnings gap, especially at the top.For women, personal, productive factors and sexual orientation discrimination explain income gaps.