Tourism, consent, and resistance: A Gramscian lens
运用葛兰西霸权理论和后结构女性主义视角，分析伊朗神权政治如何影响女性在旅游中的角色、就业和流动性，揭示女性通过顺从、协商和抵抗策略创造行动空间。
This study examines how hegemonic ideologies shape women's participation in tourism in a theocracy. Applying Gramsci's theory of hegemony and a critical poststructural feminist lens, it analyses how Iran's politico-religious structures influence women's roles, employment, and mobility in tourism. Qualitative findings reveal strategies of compliance, negotiation, and resistance expressed through entrepreneurship, networking, and workplace practices. Concepts of ‘war of position’ and ‘passive revolution’ explain how women create space for agency without direct confrontation, reshaping visibility and legitimacy incrementally. The study advances tourism scholarship by situating women's agency within hegemonic structures of theocratic governance and extending Gramscian theory to show how gendered consent and resistance operate in tourism, while calling for gender-transformative policies that address inequality and support women's situated agency. • Examines how ideology shapes women's work, visibility, and agency in a theocracy • Applies Gramsci's theory of hegemony to show how power shapes women's participation • Shows how women enact agency through compliance, adaptation, and resistance • Identifies a ‘war of position’ within daily tourism practices and interactions • Explains how hegemonic consent and dissent underpin women's agency in tourism