Leader interpersonal emotion Management: An Input-Process-Output framework and research agenda
澄清了领导者人际情绪管理的概念，将其定义为领导者管理他人情绪的行为过程，并整合现有研究构建了一个输入-过程-输出框架，包含能力、动机和机会等输入因素，策略与策略等过程，以及多层次即时与长期结果。
Leader interpersonal emotion management (IEM), such as leader humorous behaviors and the provision of emotional support, represents a distinct yet integrative leadership construct that highlights leaders’ deliberate efforts to manage others’ emotions. It extends beyond existing leader behavioral constructs by emphasizing the management of others’ emotions as a fundamental behavioral mechanism underpinning effective leadership. Research on IEM has made notable progress over the past few decades; however, critical limitations remain that hinder further development of the literature. In this article, I clarify the conceptualization of leader IEM as the behavioral processes through which leaders manage the emotions of relevant stakeholders and integrate existing research findings into an input-process-output (IPO) framework. This framework comprises three key components: (a) inputs, which consist of ability, motivation, and opportunity factors; (b) processes, which capture broad strategies and specific tactics organized hierarchically; and (c) outputs, which include both immediate and extended outcomes at multiple levels. I further evaluate methodological rigor and propose directions for future research.