Pollution avoidance: Within and across category substitution
研究发现，空气污染期间不同影院类型的上座率反应不同，多厅影院受益而小型影院受损，但连锁影院层面效应不均，且个体影院平均绝对反应远大于总体平均，表明仅关注总需求会严重低估污染规避行为。
Theater attendance responses to air pollution vary by theater type. Multiplex theaters benefit from increased attendance during periods of high pollution, often at the expense of smaller theaters. However, these effects do not balance out at the chain level—some theater chains see attendance gains, while others experience losses. Furthermore, the average absolute attendance response at the individual theater level is significantly larger than the overall average, indicating that prior studies that focus solely on aggregate demand vastly underestimate pollution avoidance. • Theater attendance responses to air pollution vary by theater type • Multiplex theaters benefit from increased attendance during periods of high pollution • Focusing solely on aggregate demand response vastly underestimates pollution avoidance