Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence From Funding Career and Technical Education
研究2015年密歇根州职业与技术教育资助改革，发现学校利用公式漏洞调整课程以获取更多资金，导致30%的额外资助从高贫困学区流向富裕学区，揭示了供给方应对如何影响公共服务分配。
ABSTRACT In 2015, Michigan increased its Career and Technical Education (CTE) funding and changed its funding formula to reimburse programs based on student progression through program curricula. Although this change nearly doubled program completion rates, student enrollment and persistence were unaffected; instead, administrators accelerated student progress by reorganizing course curricula around notches in the new funding formula. As a result of response heterogeneity, 30% of the funding increase was transferred away from high‐poverty districts to more affluent ones, underscoring how supply‐side responses to loopholes shape the incidence of public services.