Crop farm efficiency and climate extremes in Germany
利用德国2004-2020年农场数据，研究天气和气候极端事件如何影响农场效率，发现温度相关极端事件比水相关极端事件危害更大，忽略气候条件会低估效率。
Abstract Using German crop farm data from the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network for 2004–2020, we investigate how weather and climate extremes interact with farm-level inefficiency, accounting for policy. We use a four-component stochastic production frontier model to disentangle farm heterogeneity from persistent and transient inefficiency, and explicitly address economic and econometric endogeneity. We select weather-related determinants of inefficiency using panel random forests. We find that losses associated with one climate extreme day range from 0.15 to 26.31 Euro/hectare. Water-related extremes appear less detrimental than temperature-related extremes. Our results suggest that efficiency can be underestimated if agro-climatic conditions are not acknowledged.