A Typology of Labour Agency in the Gig Economy: Gig Drivers' Experiences of Struggle in Indonesia During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
基于对印尼雅加达997名零工司机的调查和30次深度访谈，本文提出了零工经济中劳动能动性的四种模式：个体韧性、个体改造与抵抗、集体韧性、集体改造与抵抗，并分析了阻碍工人行使这些实践的主要障碍。
ABSTRACT This article explores how ride‐hailing drivers, couriers, and food‐delivery riders in Indonesia exercised labour agency to improve their working conditions during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on a survey ( N = 997) and in‐depth interviews ( N = 30) with gig drivers in Jakarta, it contributes to labour geography and employment relations literature by reconceptualizing labour agency in the gig economy. Four modes of agency are proposed: (1) Individual resilience, (2) Individual reworking and resistance, (3) Collective resilience, and (4) Collective reworking and resistance. This article further presents main obstacles that explain why not all workers may exercise these practices: Fear of potential platform counteraction and moral dilemma hindered workers from resisting the platform. Identity struggles concerning the ‘driver‐partner’ status and the competitive nature of the platform work prevented workers' involvement in collective agency. Meanwhile, free rider problem, fragmented and leaderless movement, and collective frustration posed challenges for workers in translating collective feeling into active solidarity.