Risk in science: The socialization of risk-taking in early-career training
研究基于瑞典生命科学领域博士生和导师的数据，发现导师的风险承担倾向会显著传递给博士生，且这种影响在导师频繁指导时更强，并持续十年以上。
Science is a risky business, and risk-taking is a critical disposition for scientists. This study uses a combination of survey and bibliometric data to measure the degree of individual scientists' risk-taking and investigate its determinants. In particular, we focus on academic training as a critical arena for the socialization of risk-taking and examine whether and how risk-taking is transmitted from one generation to the next. Drawing on a sample of PhD students and their supervisors in life sciences in Sweden, we find that students' risk-taking is significantly associated with that of their supervisors, and that this association is stronger when supervisors provide more frequent mentoring. Importantly, the association persists for 10 years even after students leave the PhD affiliation and switch research topics. Approximately 25 % of the variance in students' risk-taking can be attributed to the variance in supervisors' risk-taking. We find other determinants of students' risk-taking such as funding conditions and previous work experiences. As endogeneity due to selection is a concern, we employ the propensity score matching technique and obtained consistent results. We also exploit cases in which a supervisor was replaced by another supervisor, showing that the longer the initial supervisor is in place, the stronger the association is with the initial supervisor's risk-taking and the weaker with that of their replacement. These findings suggest the critical role of early-career academic training in shaping scientists' risk-taking and passing down the disposition to the next generation. • Risk-taking is a critical trait for scientists. • Early-career academic training shapes scientists' risk-taking through socialization. • Supervisors' risk-taking dispositions are passed down to their students. • The socialized risk-taking persists over 10 years even after students switch topics.