Regional economic impacts of the Øresund cross-border fixed link: Cui Bono?
采用惩罚合成控制法，量化厄勒海峡多式联运固定连接对斯科讷和西兰岛跨境区域的因果影响，发现哥本哈根受益于运输成本降低，但影响被大贝尔特海峡固定连接所覆盖。
Recently, there has been growing interest in newly developed econometric tools for counterfactual analysis when a treated unit experiences a policy intervention, requiring an artificial control group. Adopting penalised synthetic control methods, we quantify the causal impact of the multi-modal Øresund fixed link on adjacent cross-border regions in Skåne and Zealand. The results show Copenhagen benefits from reduced transport costs, though the impact is overlaid by the Great Belt strait fixed link, opened shortly before. An array of robustness tests and the supplementary analyses in the Appendix, in the online supplemental data, support the interpretations in the paper.