Mind the gap in the mining game
分析了工作量证明区块链中矿工故意延迟出块（挖矿间隙）的策略行为，通过博弈模型得出纳什均衡，发现延迟出块可能提高累积收益，但结合难度调整算法反而加剧系统不稳定，并提出了应对区块奖励减少和交易费依赖增加的可持续性条件。
We analyze intentional block delays (mining gaps) in Proof-of-Work blockchain systems, where miners strategically balance mining rewards against operational costs. Using a game-theoretic model, we derive a Nash equilibrium with optimal mining strategies and show that miners may delay block creation for better cumulative rewards rather than immediate competition. Furthermore, mining gaps coupled with a difficulty adjustment algorithm, which is designed to stabilize a blockchain system, may actually increase the instability of the block creation process. We propose conditions to address sustainability concerns as block rewards decrease and reliance on transaction fees increases. Our findings are illustrated through a two-player game simulation and an analysis of the Bitcoin network, providing insights for blockchain design and policy. This work contributes to understanding strategic mining behavior and its impact on blockchain stability and efficiency.