Informal Institutions and Global Trade: Real Effects of the Elusive
研究了G7、G20、BRICS等非正式国际组织对全球贸易的影响，发现BRICS的贸易促进效应堪比正式贸易协定，揭示了超越法律承诺的国际整合新渠道。
Countries routinely participate in intergovernmental forums such as the G7, G20, BRICS, and MIKTA. These informal institutions—unlike formal bodies such as the EU and WTO—lack permanent administrative structures, operate through rotating presidencies, and do not issue legally binding commitments. Although often overlooked as drivers of global trade, their formation and evolution embody underlying structural shifts in the world economy. Using data for over 200 countries spanning 1994-2023, this study introduces informal institutions as a distinct determinant of trade within the gravity framework. We find that BRICS exerts trade-facilitating effects comparable to those of formal agreements such as regional trade agreements and WTO accession. This highlights a novel channel of international integration beyond legal commitments.